Fire protection of architectural monuments of history and culture of the Soviet Ukraine in 1921-1941

Keywords: Soviet Ukraine, architectural monuments of history and culture, preventive measures to prevent fires, fire extinguishing, fire, fire safety, voluntary fire organization, fire-fighting equipment

Abstract

This paper characterizes certain problems of fire protection of architectural monuments of history and culture on the territory of the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic / Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1921-1941. The insufficiently known and uncharacterized aspects of fire prevention and fire prevention of architectural monuments of history and culture of the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic-USSR in the specified historical period are studied. The features of fire protection of architectural monuments of history and culture on Ukrainian lands during the times of the new economic policy and the times of the emergence and establishment of the Stalinist totalitarian regime in the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic are studied, and the features of the state’s attitude to cult and religious architectural monuments of history and culture in the studied period are considered.

The conclusions are drawn that during 1921-1941 the system of fire protection of architectural monuments of history and culture in the Ukrainian SSR (Ukrainian SSR) was not isolated into an independent direction of state activity. Fire safety measures for such objects were implemented within the framework of general fire protection, the priorities of which remained industrial enterprises, transport facilities and strategically important infrastructure. The lack of a special legal status of monuments in the fire safety system led to the superficial nature of control and ignoring specific preventive measures necessary for their preservation. The organizational structure of the management of the protection of monuments and fire affairs was characterized by the lack of proper coordination. Institutions responsible for the preservation of cultural heritage and subordinate to the People’s Commissariat of Education focused mainly on the registration of objects and restoration work, permissible from an ideological point of view.

At the same time, the fire service, which was subordinate to the NKVD, performed tasks determined by the logic of ensuring state security. Such departmental disunity made it impossible to form a holistic system of fire protection of monuments.

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References

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Abstract views: 80
PDF Downloads: 49
Published
2026-03-19
How to Cite
Харламов, М., & Чернікова, І. (2026). Fire protection of architectural monuments of history and culture of the Soviet Ukraine in 1921-1941. Antiquities of Lukomorie, (1), 182-191. https://doi.org/10.33782/2708-4116.2026.1.423
Section
Modern Times